@Article{MolleriNovoKamp:2010:SpVaAm,
               author = "Molleri, Gustavo S. F. and Novo, Evlyn M. L. de M. and Kampel, 
                         Milton",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and undefined 
                         and undefined",
                title = "Space-time variability of the Amazon River plume based on 
                         satellite ocean color",
              journal = "Continental Shelf Research",
                 year = "2010",
               volume = "30",
                pages = "342--352",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "ocean color, river plume, Amazon river, SeaWiFS, Tropical 
                         Atlantic, space-time variability.",
             abstract = "Satellite ocean color images were used to determine the space-time 
                         variability of the Amazon River plume from 20002004. The 
                         relationship between sea-surface salinity (SSS) and the 
                         Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) absorption 
                         coefficient for dissolved and detrital material (adg) (r2=0.76, 
                         n=30, rmse=0.4) was used to identify the Amazon River plume 
                         low-salinity waters (<34 psu). The plume's spatial information was 
                         extracted from satellite bi-weekly time series using two metrics: 
                         plume area and plume shape. These metrics identified the seasonal 
                         variability of plume dimensions and dispersion patterns. During 
                         the study period, the plume showed the largest areas from July to 
                         August and the smallest from December to January. The mean annual 
                         amplitude and the mean, maximum and minimum plume areas were 
                         1020×103 km2, 680×103 km2, 1506×103 km2 and 268×103 km2, 
                         respectively. Three main shapes and dispersion pattern periods 
                         were identified: (1) flow to the northeastern South American 
                         coast, in a narrow band adjacent to the continental shelf, from 
                         January to April; (2) flow to the Caribbean region, from April to 
                         July; and (3) flow to the Central Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, from 
                         August to December. Cross-correlation techniques were used to 
                         quantify the relationship between the plume's spatial variability 
                         and environmental forcing factors, including Amazon River 
                         discharge, wind field and ocean currents. The results showed that 
                         (1) river discharge is the main factor influencing plume area 
                         variability, (2) the wind field regulates the plume's 
                         northwestward flow velocity and residence time near the river 
                         mouth, and (3) surface currents have a strong influence over river 
                         plume dispersion patterns.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.csr.2009.11.015",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.11.015",
                 issn = "0278-4343",
                label = "lattes: 0063119667740811 3 MolleriNovoKamp:2010:SpVaAm",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "molleri.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}